You really want to specify what is meant by "meditation." There are many different types, with differing techniques, different intentions, and consequently differing results. For example, in the Tibetan tradition, two essential categories are shamatha and vipassyana. Within shamatha meditation are various sub-types, as in shamatha with an object of focus, and shamatha without an object of focus. Within the same Tibetan tradition, there are also other types of meditation which make use of each one or all three of the various representational systems--auditory, kinesthetic, visual. It's a fairly complicated subject, and one which requires experiential as well as theoretical knowledge (like most things). Though I'm not personally well trained in Zen meditation, I enjoyed Austin's "Zen and the Brain," which has the distinct advantage of having been written by someone well-practiced in both Western and Eastern traditions. That might be interesting for you.
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