James Brody
November 5th, 2008, 03:17 PM
BHO's career: selling coke in high school, an affirmative action scholar, a 7th grade essayist at Harvard whose bio was written by Bill Ayers, a beneficiary of Tony Rezko and Jerry Wright, and of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
"Raise the stakes" grew a bottom line: 63 million voted for a scam artist who later told swarms in Grant Park on 11/4/08 that "We as a people will get there."
And from PNAS, a coincidental metaphor that involves mice, men, and drug addiction.
Is Washington to be considered a richer environment than Chicago? And will BHO quit smoking?
JimB
"Reversal of cocaine addiction by environmental enrichment
Solinas M, Chauvet C, Thiriet N, Rawas R, & Jaber M.
"Abstract
"Environmental conditions can dramatically influence the behavioral and neurochemical effects of drugs of abuse. For example, stress increases the reinforcing effects of drugs and plays an important role in determining the vulnerability to develop drug addiction. On the other hand, positive conditions, such as environmental enrichment, can reduce the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants and may provide protection against the development of drug addiction. However, whether environmental enrichment can be used to "treat" drug addiction has not been investigated. In this study, we first exposed mice to drugs and induced addiction-related behaviors and only afterward exposed them to enriched environments. We found that 30 days of environmental enrichment completely eliminates behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference to cocaine. In addition, housing mice in enriched environments after the development of conditioned place preference prevents cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference and reduces activation of the brain circuitry involved in cocaine-induced reinstatement. Altogether, these results demonstrate that environmental enrichment can eliminate already established addiction-related behaviors in mice and suggest that environmental stimulation may be a fundamental factor in facilitating abstinence and preventing relapse to cocaine addiction."
More at http://www.pnas.org/content/105/44/17145
References
Frank, R. & Cook, P. (1995) The Winner-Take-All Society: Why the Few at the Top Get So Much More Than the Rest of Us. NY: Free Press.
Gladwell, M. (2000) The Tipping Point: How Little Things Make a Big Difference. NY: Little Brown.
Levitt Steven & Dubner Stephen (2005) Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. NY: Morrow.
Roberts, G. & Sherratt, T. (1998) Development of cooperative relationships through increasing investment. Nature, 394, 175-179.
"Raise the stakes" grew a bottom line: 63 million voted for a scam artist who later told swarms in Grant Park on 11/4/08 that "We as a people will get there."
And from PNAS, a coincidental metaphor that involves mice, men, and drug addiction.
Is Washington to be considered a richer environment than Chicago? And will BHO quit smoking?
JimB
"Reversal of cocaine addiction by environmental enrichment
Solinas M, Chauvet C, Thiriet N, Rawas R, & Jaber M.
"Abstract
"Environmental conditions can dramatically influence the behavioral and neurochemical effects of drugs of abuse. For example, stress increases the reinforcing effects of drugs and plays an important role in determining the vulnerability to develop drug addiction. On the other hand, positive conditions, such as environmental enrichment, can reduce the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants and may provide protection against the development of drug addiction. However, whether environmental enrichment can be used to "treat" drug addiction has not been investigated. In this study, we first exposed mice to drugs and induced addiction-related behaviors and only afterward exposed them to enriched environments. We found that 30 days of environmental enrichment completely eliminates behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference to cocaine. In addition, housing mice in enriched environments after the development of conditioned place preference prevents cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference and reduces activation of the brain circuitry involved in cocaine-induced reinstatement. Altogether, these results demonstrate that environmental enrichment can eliminate already established addiction-related behaviors in mice and suggest that environmental stimulation may be a fundamental factor in facilitating abstinence and preventing relapse to cocaine addiction."
More at http://www.pnas.org/content/105/44/17145
References
Frank, R. & Cook, P. (1995) The Winner-Take-All Society: Why the Few at the Top Get So Much More Than the Rest of Us. NY: Free Press.
Gladwell, M. (2000) The Tipping Point: How Little Things Make a Big Difference. NY: Little Brown.
Levitt Steven & Dubner Stephen (2005) Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. NY: Morrow.
Roberts, G. & Sherratt, T. (1998) Development of cooperative relationships through increasing investment. Nature, 394, 175-179.